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HEADLINES
Bush finishes Israel visit
Abbas: Mideast peace starts from Holy Land in Palestine
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Excerpts
Condoleezza Rice assured Palestinian leaders Thursday that a U.S.-sponsored Mideast peace conference this fall is meant to get them closer to establishing an independent state and that Israel is ready now to discuss fundamental issues. (Aug. 2)
US Secretary Rice continued to press for peace in the Middle East while meeting with leaders in Israel. Rice has been trying to inject new momentum into peacemaking between Israel and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas`s West Bank government after the vi
The foreign ministers of Egypt and Jordan began an historic visit to Israel on Wednesday to formally present an Arab peace plan, on behalf of the region. (July 25)
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Mideast Peace Plan
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Israeli-Palestinian conflict
is an ongoing dispute between the State of
Israel and the Palestinian people. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is
part of the wider Arab-Israeli conflict and is essentially a dispute
between two national identities with claims over the same area of land.
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A peace movement poster:
Israeli and Palestinian flags and the words peace in
Arabic and Hebrew. |
The modern roots of the
conflict can be traced to the late 19th century, which saw a
rise in national movements, including Zionism and Arab
nationalism. Zionism, the Jewish national movement, which was
established largely as a response to European anti-Semitism,
sought the creation of a Jewish Nation-State in the territory of
Palestine, Eretz Israel, the historical Jewish homeland, which
at that time was part of the Ottoman Empire. To this end, the
World Zionist Organization and the Jewish National Fund
encouraged immigration and funded purchase of land.
Following World War I and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire,
the region came under the control of the United Kingdom through
the Sykes-Picot Agreement and a League of Nations mandate.
Palestinian and Jewish nationalism opposed each other harder and
harder, as in the 1920 Palestine riots, the 1921 Palestine
riots, the 1929 Hebron massacre and the Great Arab Revolt.
This violence and the heavy cost of World War II led Britain to
turn the issue of Palestine to the United Nations. In 1947, the
U.N. approved the partition of the British Mandate of Palestine
into two states, one Jewish and one Arab. Palestinian Arab
leaders supported by the Arab League rejected the plan and the
next day, a civil war started in Mandatory Palestine. Jewish and
Palestinian Arabs fought against each other. Arab foreign
volunteers entered Palestine to fight with the Palestinians and
when Haganah took the offensive on April 1948, the Palestinian
society collapsed and a massive exodus started.
On May 14, 1948, Israel declared its independence. Five Arab
League countries (Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Transjordan and Iraq)
intervened in the conflict, launching the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
As a result of this war, Israel captured territory that changed
its borders, but left Jerusalem a divided city. In the Six-Day
War in 1967, Israel captured the West Bank from Jordan, the Gaza
Strip from Egypt, and East Jerusalem including the Old City and
its holy sites, which Israel annexed and reunited with the
Western neighborhoods of Jerusalem. The status of the city as
Israel's capital and the occupation of the West Bank and Gaza
Strip were to remain sources of bitter conflict.
For decades after 1948, Arab governments had refused to
recognize Israel and in 1964 the Palestine Liberation
Organization (PLO) was founded with the central tenet that
Palestine, with its original Mandate borders, is the indivisible
homeland of the Arab Palestinian people. In turn, Israel refused
to recognize the PLO as a negotiating partner. In 1988, Yasser
Arafat stated that he recognized Israel's right to exist.
An attempt to broker a "two state solution," that is the
creation of separate Jewish and Palestinian states, was seen in
the Oslo peace process, where Israel and the PLO negotiated,
unsuccessfully, to come to a mutual agreement. During the Oslo
process, which began in 1993, the Palestine Liberation
Organization was permitted autonomy to run Palestinian affairs
in the Gaza Strip and West Bank in the form of the Palestinian
National Authority with the understanding that it would uphold
recognition of and mutual co-existence with Israel. However
there was continual contention over whether actual events and
conditions proved that there was greater acceptance of Israel's
existence by Palestinian leaders or a commitment by Israel to
stop settlement activity in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
The vast majority of Israelis and Palestinians, according to all
major polls, agree that a two-state solution is the best way to
end the conflict.[4] Most Palestinians view the West Bank and
Gaza Strip as part of their future state. Most Israelis also
accept this solution. A handful of academics advocate a
one-state solution, whereby all of Israel, the Gaza Strip, and
West Bank would become a bi-national state with equal rights for
all.
Core issues in the conflict are the future of the remaining
Israeli settlements built in the occupied territories, the right
of return for Palestinian refugees and their descendants, and
the status of Jerusalem, along with the refusal of some
Palestinian groups to recognize the right of Israel to exist as
a Jewish state and Israel's reluctance to allow the
establishment of a Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza
Strip.
Israel asserts that one major condition of Palestinian
sovereignty over any territory must be acceptance of mutual
co-existence and elimination of terrorism by the Palestinians.
Some Palestinian groups, notably Fatah, a political party
founded by PLO leaders, claim they are willing to foster
co-existence if Palestinians are steadily given more political
rights and autonomy. In 2006, Hamas won a majority in the
Palestinian Legislative Council, where it remains the majority
party. While Hamas has openly stated in the past that it
completely opposed Israel's right to exist, indeed its charter
states this,[11] there is some evidence that its position may
have softened somewhat recently. However, Israel contends that
Hamas's leaders have consistently refused to recognize Israel in
any valid way.
The most recent round of peace negotiations began at Annapolis,
USA in November, 2007. These talks aim to have a final
resolution by the end of 2008.
The Case for Israel
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Case for Israel First edition cover. Author Alan Dershowitz
Country United States Language English Genre(s) Non-fiction
Publisher Wiley Publication date 2003 Media type Print
(Hardcover) Pages 264 ISBN 0-471-46502-X The Case for Israel is
a New York Times bestseller by Alan Dershowitz, [1] a law
professor at Harvard University. The book responds to common
criticisms of Israel. The book is divided into several chapters,
each of which addresses what Dershowitz identifies as being
particularly strong accusations and myths about Israel, such as
"Israel is the 'prime' human rights violator in the world" and
"Israel is the cause of the Arab-Israeli conflict." Each chapter
is divided into several sections. "The Accusation" states a
common criticism of Israel, "The Accusers" lists several quotes
from critics supporting the accusation, "The Reality" contains a
short statement contradicting the accusation, and "The Proof"
contains Dershowitz's explanation of his viewpoint. Edward Said
and Noam Chomsky are among the critics that he quotes the most
heavily. Dershowitz has released a sequel in 2005 championing
the two state solution. The book, The Case for Peace, explains
what he believes is needed to be done in order to achieve peace
in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
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