|
Within Israeli and
Palestinian society, the conflict generates a
wide variety of views and opinions. This serves
to highlight the deep divisions which exist not
only between Israelis and Palestinians, but also
within each society.
A hallmark of the
conflict has been the level of violence
witnessed for virtually its entire duration.
Fighting has been conducted by regular armies,
paramilitary groups, terror cells and
individuals. Casualties have not been restricted
to the military, with a large number of
fatalities in civilian population on both sides,
who took no part in the fighting when they were
killed.
There are various prominent and international
actors involved in the conflict. The direct
negotiating parties are the Israeli government,
currently led by Benjamin Netanyahu, and the
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO),
currently headed by Mahmoud Abbas. The official
negotiations are mediated by an international
contingent known as the Quartet on the Middle
East (the Quartet) represented by a special
envoy that consists of the United States,
Russia, the European Union, and the United
Nations. The Arab League is another important
actor, which has proposed an alternative peace
plan. Egypt, a founding member of the Arab
League, has historically been a key participant.
Since 2003, the Palestinian side has been
fractured by conflict between the two major
factions: Fatah, the traditionally dominant
party, and its more recent electoral challenger,
Hamas. Following Hamas being elected into power
in the Gaza Strip in 2005, the territory
controlled by the Palestinian National Authority
(the Palestinian interim government) is split
between Fatah in the West Bank, and Hamas in the
Gaza Strip. The division of governance between
the parties has effectively resulted in the
collapse of bipartisan governance of the
Palestinian National Authority (PA).
The most recent round of peace negotiations
began at Annapolis, Maryland, United States, in
November 2007. These talks aimed at having a
final resolution by the end of 2008. The
parties agree there are six core, or 'final
status,' issues which need to be resolved. |